Here is a list of basic stock market terms
Reverse Split or R/S : This is when company reduces the total number of its outstanding shares. So if there were 100,000 shares outstanding and they reduced it to 1,000 that would be a 100-1 reverse split. The stock price then would go by 100 times. So the value you hold remains the same. Penny Stocks companies will apply reverse splits to the outstanding shares but not to the Authorized shares. That is a huge red flag.
Common Stock: This are the shares that are commonly owned and/or traded by the public of a stock. They are different than the preferred shares.
Preferred Stock: A preferred stock is a class of ownership in a corporation that has a higher claim on its assets and earnings than common stock. Preferred shares generally have a dividend that must be paid out before dividends to common shareholders, and the shares usually do not carry voting rights. Some penny stocks allow these to be converted to common stock which can lead to major sell offs.
Outstanding Shares: This is the number of shares that currently can be traded.
Authorized Shares: This is the number of shares that a company is currently authorized to trade. Penny stocks companies with a high number of authorized shares can issue stock quickly and increase the outstanding shares. This dilutes the value of outstanding shares.
Share Structure: This is the number of outstanding shares and the number of authorized shares. When you hear people say this stock has a great share structure it typically means it won’t take much volume to move the stock.
Spread: This is the gap between the Ask and the Bid. If stocks have too big of gap or a large spread they are a lot more risky. If you buy on the ask and have to sell on the bid you could lose a lot of money fast.
Averaging Down: This is when an investor buys more of a stock as the price goes down. This makes it so your average purchase price decreases.
Bear Market: This is trading talk for the stock market being in a downtrend, or a period of falling stock prices. This is the opposite of a bull market.
Beta: A measurement of the relationship between the price of a stock and the movement of the whole market. If stock XYZ has a beta of 1.5, that means that for every 1 point move in the market, stock XYZ moves 1.5 points and vice versa.
Blue Chip Stocks: These are the large, industry leading companies. They offer a stable record of significant dividend payments and have a reputation of sound fiscal management. The expression is thought to have been derived from blue gambling chips, which is the highest denomination of chips used in casinos.
Bull Market: This is when the stock market as a whole is in a prolonged period of increasing stock prices. Opposite of a bear market.
Broker: A person who buys or sells an investment for you in exchange for a fee (a commission). Here is Tim’s favorite broker. (LINK)
Day Trading: The practice of buying and selling within the same trading day, before the close of the markets on that day. This is what Tim typically does, although he does have a long-term portfolio as well. Traders that participate in day trading are often called “active traders” or “day traders.”
Dividend: this is a portion of a company’s earnings that is paid to shareholders, or people that own hat company’s stock, on a quarterly or annual basis. Not all company’s do this.
Exchange: An exchange is a place in which different investments are traded. The most well-known in the United States are the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq.
Execution: When an order to buy or sell has been completed. If you put in an order to sell 100 shares, this means that all 100 shares have been sold.
Hedge: This is used to limit your losses. You can do this by taking an offsetting position. For example, if you hold 100 shares of XYZ, you could short the stock or futures positions on the stock.
Index: An index is a benchmark which is used as a reference marker for traders and portfolio managers. A 10% may sound good, but if the market index returned 12%, then you didn’t do very well since you could have just invested in an index fund and saved time by not trading frequently. Examples are the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Standard & Poor’s 500.
Initial Public Offering (IPO): The first sale or offering of a stock by a company to the public, rather than just being owned by private or inside investors.
Margin: A margin account lets a person borrow money (take out a loan essentially) from a broker to purchase an investment. The difference between the amount of the loan, and the price of the securities, is called the margin.
Moving Average: A stock’s average price-per-share during a specific period of time. Some time frames are 50 and 200 day moving averages.
Order: An investor’s bid to buy or sell a certain amount of stock or option contracts. You have to put an order in to buy or sell 100 shares of stock.
Portfolio: A collection of investments owned by an investor. You can have as little as one stock in a portfolio to an infinite amount of stocks.
Quote: Information on a stock’s latest trading price. This is sometimes delayed by 20 minutes unless you are using an actual broker trading platform.
Rally: A rapid increase in the general price level of the market or of the price of a stock.
Sector: A group of stocks that are in the same business. An example would be the “Technology” sector including companies like Apple and Microsoft.
Spread: This is the difference between the bid and the ask prices of a stock, or the amount someone is willing to buy it and someone is willing to sell it.
Stock Symbol: A one-character to three-character, alphabetic root symbol, which represents a publically traded company on a stock exchange. Apple’s stock symbol is AAPL.
Volatility: This refers to the price movements of a stock or the stock market as a whole. Highly volatile stocks are ones with extreme daily up and down movements and wide intraday trading ranges. This is often common with stocks that are thinly traded, or have low trading volumes. This is also common with the stocks that Tim trades.
Volume: The number of shares of stock traded during a particular time period, normally measured in average daily trading volume.